Go Deeper

• The House of Wisdom: How Arabic Science Saved Ancient Knowledge and Gave Us the Renaissance by Jim al-Khalili - A sweeping account of the Islamic Golden Age intellectual tradition that al-Qarawiyyin helped create and transmit - the science, philosophy, and scholarship that flowed through Fez and into the universities of medieval Europe.
• God's Crucible: Islam and the Making of Europe, 570-1215 by David Levering Lewis - A Pulitzer Prize-winning historian traces how Islamic civilization shaped the intellectual foundations of Europe - the broader historical world in which Fatima al-Fihri built her university.